Information searching and AI

Generative AI is a tool that can help us in our daily lives, at work or in our studies. As with any other tool, ethical, evaluative and appropriate use is the key point.

• Integrity
  • Can AI be used in an assigmnet or a project? If so, what for? And how should it be reported?
• Mis- and disinformation

  • Misinformation is incomplete or incorrect information, is given inadvertently and is not intended to mislead.

  • Disinformation is the deliberate distribution of false information, which can be motivated by, among other things, political and social influence, financial gain and malicious intent.

• Deepfake

  • Deepfakes are photos, videos, or audio clips that have been digitally created to show people saying and doing things that never happened. They can also be used to show events that haven't taken place. Various technologies and software are being developed to try to identify whether a photograph, video or audio recording is genuine or fake. 

• Information literacy
  • AI tools do not necessarily report the original sources they use, nor do they necessarily use sources that meet the requirements of scientific writing. In some cases, these sources have proven to be non-existent or inaccurate. If you use a tool that produces some elements of your work, the person reviewing the work needs to know what parts are yours and what is from elsewhere.
  • AI-powered search tools may seem to make scientific research easy and fast. However, from the student's perspective, this can mean that the student is not learning important skills, such as the basic skills of scientific research like information retrieval, critical evaluation and problem solving.
• Protection of privacy
  • To use generative AI applications you usually have to create an account, which allows for data collection. This is a privacy issue. AI tools may require you to provide a phone number or other personal information. Users should be careful about what information they share when creating an account on the web.
  • Please read the program's privacy policy and terms of use carefully. Remember that when you use the tools, your conversations are typically stored by the tool and used for that tool's purposes.
• Authors' copyrights
  • In some cases, AI tools can use online material without the permission of the authors. Respecting copyright is a part of academic good scientific practice, which is why it is very important to be critical of the use of such tools in academic work.
• Environmental issues

  • The environmental challenges of AI and digitalization include increasing energy consumption. Developing and maintaining language models also require significant amounts of water, which is used, among other things, to cool data center servers. Consider when the use of AI is necessary.

• Ghost work/Invisible labour

  • Most machine-language models learn how to make decisions from datasets that have been labelled, classified, verified, and filtered by real people. These quality control tasks, which are invisible to end users, are referred to as ghost work. (Gray & Suri, 2019.)

• Discuss with your course teacher or seminar tutor well in advance whether (and which) AI applications are allowed for information searching for your work.
• Familiarise yourself with AI applications beforehand: what they can and cannot do to support your search, compare the results.
• Consider what you can and cannot use an AI application for, when searching for information.
• Learn about the AI application you are using: who is running it and why; is it fee-based or restricted, does this affect the results?
• Source criticism is still your responsibility. Be critical of the results: do comparative sampling of different sources of information and check, for example, the references provided by the AI and the citations they get from databases.
• Cite AI as instructed if you use it. See this guide's Reporting the use of an AI application.

• The Tampere Universities community uses the onion model (intranet) to describe the digital tools used by the staff. It helps you understand the tools you have in use and can choose the right tool for the situation. 
• The use of artificial intelligence in research involves several special features, artificial intelligence brings opportunities to research but also responsibilities. The guidelines on The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Research (intranet) explain the responsible use of artificial intelligence and describe the requirements set by legislation. The guide also provides examples of practical application.
• Publishers and publication channels may have different guidelines on the use of artificial intelligence, so please check the instructions and follow them. Please note that the outputs of artificial intelligence are not copyrighted.